Ukukhathazeka Kwemithombo Yokuqala Yokubhala Kwezihlathi Zokuphatha Izihlathi Zokuphatha Amaphoyinti

Ngani Ukuthi I-Earmuffs Zokuphatha Isikhumba Ziyisisekelo Sokugcina Isikhathi Sokusebenza Nokugcina Ubuhle Bakho Ekuseni Lokusebenza

Abasebenzi bakwesikhathi sokusebenza bayatholakala kakhulu ngemithombo yomshilo omkhulu kwezinkampani zokuphatha isikhumba, izikhomba zokuzama, izikhomba zokubhala, izikhomba zokugcina, izinkampani ezinkulu, nokuthi kwezinye izinkampani. Ukubhala kakhulu kwezinkampani zokushisa okungafanele kungahlela ukuthi umshilo wokushisa ugcine ubuhle bakho ngokuphambili, okwenza ukuthi ukugcina ubuhle bakho kuyisisekelo esibalulekileyo sokugcina ubuhle bakho ekuseni lokusebenza.

Amaphoyisa okukhanya amakhanda ayinika indlela efanelekileyo yokugcina ukulinda kwezinyawo ngokuphatha nokulinda kwamakhanda okufunekayo. Uma amaphoyisa nezikhumba zihlanganiswe ngokuphelele futhi zivumelwe ukusebenza kusinye, lokhu kungakwazi ukunika ukubeka kahle, ukufikelela kahle, nokuhlanganisa kahle kunezinyawo zezimpilo zokuziphatha ngokwesibonelo esingasemthethweni. Kodwa, ukukhetha amaphoyisa okukhanya amakhanda akhethekile kuyadinga kancane kunezibalo zokulinda kwezinyawo (NRR). Ukubhekana ngezinyawo zokukhanya ezithile, ukubeka kahle, ukulinganana ngezikhumba, izinyawo zezimpilo zokuziphatha ezingenabudlela, nokufuna kokubhala kwebhodhi kufanele kubhekwe.

Imilinganiselo yezinyawo zokukhanya yase-OSHA kanye nezinyawo zokukhanya zempahla yezinsizakazwe

OSHA ibeka imilinganiselo yezinyawo zokukhanya ezivumelekileyo kubantu abasebenza emaphandleni. Ngaphansi kwe-OSHA 29 CFR 1926.52, isikhathi sokuvumelwa sokukhanya sifana ngezinyawo zokukhanya. Isibonelo, itable yase-OSHA isivumela ukusebenza kusasa ngama-8 ngokwe-90 dBA, ama-4 ngokwe-95 dBA, ama-2 ngokwe-100 dBA, umuva ngokwe-105 dBA, amaminithi amashumi elithoba ngokwe-110 dBA, kanye namaminithi amashumi elithoba ngokwe-115 dBA.

Ukuvutha kwempahla kungathinta kakhulu ngokwezinkinga zokusebenza, izimo zokusebenza, umbala phakathi kwezinto eziphatha ukuvutha nezindawo zokusebenza. Amashini okuvutha amanzi, amashini okuvutha amanzi, amashini okuvutha amanzi, nemithombo yezimpahla ezinye zingavutha kakhulu, ikakhulukazi xa abasebenzi baphatha izimpahla ngaphakathi kwezimpahla.

Isikhombisa sokuvutha	Ubude bekuvutha okufanayo	Isiphumo se-OSHA sokubhala izindawo zokusebenza
Ukubhala kwezindaba	Ngaphezu kwe-60 dBA	Kwenzeka kancane kunezimali zokusebenza kwezimpahla
Izimpahla zokusebenza ezinkulu	Zingafika noma zingaphuma kwe-90 dBA	Kufanele kubhekwe ubude bekusebenza
Isawu yesikreli	Kwakwazi ukuba kubhala 100 dBA	Isikhathi esincane sokubona isithunzi
I-Jackhammer	Kwakwazi ukuba kubhala 100 dBA	Kungase kube yilokho okudingekayo ukukhathala isithunzi sokusha umsindo uma kubonwa
Isiphumo se-OSHA sokubhala izindawo zokusebenza	90 dBA	amahora angu-8

Lezi ziqiniso zidinga ukuba zihlanganiswe njengamazwi amaningi kodwa akasivuthi iziqiniso zomsindo zonke izimboni. Abasebenzi badinga ukuzibona ngokuphelele isikhathi sobuhlungu lwabantu abasebenza, kodwa akadingi ukubhekana ngenqubo yokusebenza noma iziqiniso zomsindo zokubhala.

Uma izindlela zokugcina nokulandela izinto zokusebenza azikwazi ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bomsindo wokusebenza, ukukhathala isithunzi sokusha umsindo kuyinto ebalulekileyo kweprogram yezinto zokukhathala isithunzi. Amaphetheliwe emkhakha ayenziwa ngokuvuthi ukukhathala isithunzi sokusha umsindo kufanele kusetyenziswa uma abantu basebenza bayayicela ukusebenzisa izikhumba zokukhathala.

Ngani amaphetheliwe emkhakha ayenziwa ngokuvuthi ukukhathala isithunzi sokusha umsindo kuyakwenzeka ukuthi izinto zokukhathala ziyahlanganiswe ngokuphelele

Abantu abasebenzisa amasiko bafuneka bathiwe ngamaphuzu amaningi emiphakathi yezinto zokulinda, kubanzi izihlalo zesikhumba, amaglasini okulinda, amakhombe okukhala, amashiledi wesikhumba, nokulinda ukusondela kwemithwalo. Ukusebenzisa izinto zokulinda ezingavumelani nezinye zinokuthintela ukulinda, ukuzimisa, nokufaka umphakathi wokulinda.

Amakhombe okulinda esikhumbeni ashiywe ngokupheleleyo kumapalashe esikhumbeni okuvumelana, amarayili, noma imisiko yokuqondisa. Lokhu kuncike ukuthi akufanele kubhekwa isikhumba sokuzimisa futhi kuncike ukuthi kuyathinta kancane ukuzimisa ngokuhambisana.

Kodwa ukuthi kushiywe ngokupheleleyo akuthintela ukuthi kuyilinda ngokupheleleyo. Amakhombe okulinda nesikhumba kufanele kubhekwe ngokupheleleyo noma kuvumelwe ukusebenza ngokuhambisana. Isikhumba sokuzimisa singafanele ukuthintela isikhumba sesikhumba, isikhumba, noma ukuthintela ukulinda okufanele.

Ukuvumelana kweSikhumba nokuthandekiswa kwe-ANSI Z89.1

ANSI/ISEA Z89.1 isebhalisa izimfuneko zokukhathazeka kwezihlathi zokusebenza, futhi kubhekisa izimfuneko zokusebenza kwezihlathi zokukhathazeka. Lokhu kubhekisa i-helmet yena kuphela kodwa akahleli njengokufaka isibonelo sokuhlanzwa kwezinye izinkampani ezithunywa kona.

Ngaleso mizwi, kubhekhile ukubheka isistimu se-hard hat se-earmuff njengokugcina kwezinhloso zokukhathazeka eziphakanyisiwe ngokuphelele, kungafanele ukubheka kuphela ukuthi i-earmuff "iyafana ne-ANSI Z89.1."

Kabefore ukusebenzisa izihlathi zokukhathazeka zokuthunywa kwezihlathi, abasebenzi baya kubhekisa:

• Ukuthunywa kwe-earmuff kuyafanana ne-modheli yezihlathi zokusebenza.

• Isistimu sokuthunywa asikwazi ukuthintana nesistimu sokuthunywa kwezihlathi.

• Izinkampani azisikhathazela noma azigcine isihlathi sesihlathi.

• Amaphakathi wezihlathi ayakhathazela amasiko ngokuphelele.

• Umthwali wokuthunywa uyavumela lokhu kwezinhloso zokuthunywa.

• Izinhloso ezingenye zokukhathazeka azisenza izihlathi zokuthunywa zingaphelele.

Isistimu esihlanganisiwe ngokuphelele singathola ukukhathazeka kwezihlathi ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokuthintana ngokungafanele nesifunction sokukhathazeka kwezihlathi.

Ukuqonda i-NRR ne-Real-World Hearing Protection

I-Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) yiyisilingo esitholakala emlabathini esebenzisa ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi isikhungo sokuvikela amehlo sivikela kanjani. Kodwa, i-NRR esibhaliweyo ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengokulinganisa okuphelele kokuvikela ukuthi umsebenzi wenza ngaso sonke isikhathi emkhaya.

Ukuvikela okwenzeka kungahleli kuthi:

• Ukufaka okungafanele

• Ukungabonakali kwe-cushion yamaphakade

• Ukudlula kwesihlalo

• Izikhumba zokuphepha

• Amaresipetela

• Ukuthi umhlaba ungcwele noma izinto ezingavikeli

• Amaphakade athwele kanye nothwele

• Amasipho akhangelela amakhelime

• Izilinganiso phakathi kwemlabathi nezindawo zokusebenza

Ngaleso, abasebenzisi kufanele bafokusiswe kubonke ubukhulu bomsebenzi nobukhulu be-“fit” (ukuzinikela).

Ukuthi Ukuzinikela Kwabantu Kuyisidingo Sokuphepha

Ukuzinikela kwabantu kusinika ukulinganisa okungcono ngokwesibonelo sokuthi umsebenzi wakho uyaphatha kanjani ukuthi ukuhlonipha isono esikhulu. I-NIOSH iyabeka isibonelo esikhulu ekubhaleni ukuzinikela kwe-hearing protector ngokwesilinganiso njengendlela enobuhle yokulinganisa ukuthi ukuzinikela kuyaphatha kanjani.

Lokhu kuyisidingo esikhulu uma abasebenzi bakhulula emkhakheni emkhulu yomshini noma uma ukuzinikela kusebenziswa ngokuhambisana nezinye i-PPE.

Ngaphandle kokuvumela ukuthi bonke abasebenzi bafumana ukuthi u-NRR otholakalwe kubhekwe ngokuphepha, abasebenzisi bangayisebenzisa imiphumela yokuzinikela ukuthi bafunde ukuthi ukuzinikela kuyaphatha kanjani ukuthi kuyaphatha kahle umsebenzi wakho futhi ukuthi kuyaphatha kahle umsebenzi wakho.

Ukukhetha i-Hard Hat Earmuffs Ngokwemisebenzi Yezinsiza Zokwakha

Ukuzinikela okuhlanganisa kufuneka kubhekwe ngokwesibonelo sesikhathi somshini nokwesimo wesebenzi. Akukho u-NRR othile ongakhethwa ngokuzenzakaleyo ngokwesibonelo sesikhathi sonke sokwakha.

Kusuka kwezindlela zokusebenza eziphakeme kakhulu njengezindlela zokuphakama kwezinkampani, ukuthwala amasimbi, ukubeka izihlathi, noma ukukhupha kakhulu, abasebenzi baya kufuna ukuzibona kungani umsebenzi wokusebenza kwabantu. Uma ubukhulu bekho phakade kakhulu, ngokuvamile noma phezu kwe-100 dBA noma uma kukho ukuthwala kwezimpawu ezikhulu, i-NIOSH ibonakalisa ukuthi kufanele sisebenzise isikhundla sesikhundla sokukhanya ngokusetshenziswa kwezincwadi zokukhanya nezincwadi zokukhanya.

Kusuka kwezindlela zokusebenza eziphakeme kakhulu kodwa ezingavamile, izincwadi zokukhanya eziphakeme kakhulu zingathola ukuthinteka okuhle uma zisakhelwe ngokusebenzisa ubukhulu bekho.

Ukuthwala kwezindlela zokusebenza, ukuthwala kwezindlela zokusebenza okungavamile, nokuthwala kwezindlela zokusebenza okungaphezulu.

Ukuthwala kwezindlela zokusebenza kusuka kwezindlela zokusebenza kungahlanganiswa ngokuvamile kumaqembu amaningi.

Ukuthwala kwezindlela zokusebenza okuvamile. kuyasekho kusuka kwezinkampani ezenza kakhulu njengezinkampani zokugcina, izinkampani zokugcina, noma izinkampani eziningi zokusebenza.

Ukuthwala kwezindlela zokusebenza okungavamile. kuyasekho uma izinkampani ziyadlala noma ziyasula noma uma abasebenzi bayaphinda phakathi kwezindawo ezingenayo nokuthwala kwezindlela zokusebenza noma eziphakeme.

Ukuthwala kwezindlela zokusebenza okungaphezulu. iyiqukuthi kunezindlela zokubhala izinto ezincane, izindlela zokubhala ezinkulu, okungaba kuzo ukubhala kwezinto eziphakeme, izindlela zokubhala zezinto eziphakeme, noma izindlela zokubhala zezinto eziphakeme.

Kufanele isikhundla sokulinda isitha sisebenziswe ngokuphelele ngokubhala kwesikhundla sokulinda isitha esikhethekile, kodwa akufanele kube yindlela yokubhala yezinto eziphakeme. Ukubhala kwezinto eziphakeme kungasiza ukubonisa ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe kakhulu noma kubhekwe kakhulu ukulinda isitha.

Ukulinda isitha xa iziphephetho zezinye zezinto zokulinda isitha zisebenziswa

Indlela eyodwa enkulu yokulinda isitha yomthwalo wokulinda isitha wokubhala kwezinto eziphakeme ngu-ukulinda isitha ngokubhala kwezinto eziphakeme ngokubhala kwezinto eziphakeme ngokubhala kwezinto eziphakeme.

Izicathulo zokulinda isitha, izicathulo zokulinda isitha, izicathulo zokulinda isitha, nezinye izinto zokulinda isitha zingabhekisa ukulinda isitha kwezicathulo zokulinda isitha. Noma yiziphi izicathulo zokulinda isitha zokubhala kwezinto eziphakeme zingabhekisa ukulinda isitha kwezicathulo zokulinda isitha.

Abasebenzi bafanele bakhangise ukulinda isitha ngaso sonke isikhathi sobunye besikhundla sokulinda isitha sibhekiswe noma sibhekiswe. Izicathulo zokulinda isitha zifanele zibe phakade emaphakathini ngaphandle kokubhala kwezinto eziphakeme noma ukubhala kwezinto eziphakeme.

Uma kufuna ukuthi kubhekiswe kabusha ukugcina kwe-PPE uma isifuba sokuqala noma amag glasses esakhiwo ayihlukane nokugcina kwe-earmuff, kungafanele ukuthi sithi ukuthi i-NRR ephawulwe ingabangelwa.

Ukuhlonipha, Ukugcina, Nokusebenza Okudala

Ukuphepha kwesikhotho kusenziwa kuphela uma abasebenzi baphatha ngokuphathelene nalo. Aba-earmuffs abangafanele kakhulu kuyizwa ngokuthi baphephwe, bavalekwe kahle, noma baphathelene nalo ngokungafanele emasikhathini aphakathi kwezinsuku ezidala.

Uma kubhekiswa izi-earmuffs zemihlobo yezihloko, amaphoyisa okuthenga kufanele abhekise:

• Isisindo sisonke

• Isithi sokugcina

• Isayizi yesithi sokugcina

• Ukuchitha kwesikhathi

• Ukuzinikela

• Ukubalansi kwehelmet

• Ukuvula kwezinye izindawo nokuphatha kwezibuko

• Ukunconywa kokugcina

• Ukuhambanana nokukhanya kwezikhumba zokuvikela nezikhumba zokuvikela umoya

• Ubunzima bokusula nokubuyisela

• Ukutholakala kwemibuyiso yezikhumba zokuvikela nezinkokhelo zokugcina

Izikhumba eziyinhloko, ukuguqulwa kwezindawo zokugcina, nokuhlelwa kwezindawo zokugcina kungahlela ukuziphatha kahle ngeminyaka eyide. Imibuyiso yezikhumba zokuvikela ziyisisekelo sokuthi izikhumba zingathwasa, zingabhekwa, noma zingavikelwe ngeminyaka.

Ukukhetha i-NRR engafanele Ngaphandle Kokukhetha Okuphakeme Noma Okuncane

I-NRR enkulu ayikho ngokuzenzakalela ukuthi isikhumbi sokuvikela siyinhloko ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuvikela okuphakeme kakhulu kungahleli ukuthi kube nzima kakhulu kubantu abasebenza ukubhala noma ukudla amasignali okuvikela okufanele, ngakho-ke ukuvikela okuncane kungalibonisi abantu abasebenza ekuvikelweni kokushaya okuphakeme.

Isifundo siyokukhetha ukuvikela okunconywa ukuthi kubonelele ukuvikela okufanele kulemnyaka yokuvikela ngaphandle kokubhala nokubona kwezindawo.

Kusetyenziswa kwe-earmuffs ngokudlulisekile kwezinye izinto ezinamandla amaningi, nokusebenzisa iziphephetho zomzimba ngokufanele kungaba yindlela yokuphatha okunye. Lokhu kuyisibonelo esikhulu uma ukubhekana nezinye izinto ezinamandla amaningi akukwenzeki ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokugcina noma izindlela zokuphatha ngokwesikole kuphela.

Ukukhethwa kwesisha kufanele kubase kubizwa ngemithombo yezinye izinto ezinamandla amaningi emsebenzi, ulwazi lwesifundo sokuthinteka, izinkinga zokufaka, nokuthembekile kwezindlela zokuphatha izinye izinto ezinamandla amaningi noma iziphephetho zomzimba zasekhaya.

Ukubheka kwezinsuku zokuqala nokuphatha kwe-earmuffs zomkhakha wokuphatha

Ukubheka kahle kusiza ukuphatha isebenza sokuphatha kwezinye izinto ezinamandla amaningi ezingaphakathi kwezihlalo. Abasebenzi kufanele bakubheke iziphephetho zomzimba kabefore ukusebenzisa futhi bakabone izinkomo zokuphatha noma izinkinga zokuphatha.

Izinkomo eziphambili zokubheka ziyashiyelwa ngokuthi:

• Amaphuzu amadlula noma amakhanda amadlula

• Amaphuzu athinteka angafanele kuzoba yilokho okuhle kokubheka

• Amaphuzu amadlula noma amakhanda amadlula

• Amaphuzu athinteka angafanele kuzoba yilokho okuhle kokubheka

• Amaphuzu athinteka angafanele kuzoba yilokho okuhle kokubheka

• Umdla ophezulu okanye ukufaka izinto eziphakanyisiweyo ezinkulu

• Izikhawulezo eziyaziwa phakathi kwe-cushion nehlangothi

Izicushino esizwakileyo nezincamango zokufaka kuzo kufanele zilishunyelwe ngokulandela amazwi okusiza kwezinhlangano zokwenza. I-earmuffs kufanele zihlanzwe futhi zibhalwe ngendlela efanele ukuze zikhubuke isifuba sokufakwa kwezinto eziphakanyisiweyo nokuphila kahle kwezinto.

I-helmet yena kufanele ichazwe ngokwesibonelo ngokulandela amazwi okusiza kwezinhlangano zokwenza i-helmet. I-helmet esizwakileyo ayikwazi ukubhalwa emsebenzini kuphela ngenxa yokuthi i-earmuffs ziyasebenza.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani kufanele sebenzise i-earmuffs zesi-helmet esikhulu endaweni yezipiga zokukhanya?

I-earmuffs zesi-helmet esikhulu zinika ukuvikela ukusondela ngaphandle kokuthi zifakwe ngqo kwe-helmet esivumela ukuvikela. Kuzosha kakhulu abasebenzi abanomlando wokufaka ukuvikela ukusondela ngaphandle ngeminye iminyaka. Kodwa, izipiga zokukhanya zingaba yizinto ezingavumelekileyo zokuvikela ukusondela futhi zingasebenziswe ngokwesibonelo noma ngokuhlanganisa no-earmuffs ngokulandela kwezinkinga zokuvikela ukusondela kwebasebenzi.

I-earmuffs zesi-helmet esikhulu zingasebenza kumsebenzi we-jackhammer?

Bazokwenzeka uma izihlathi zisobala ngokupheleleyo kubukhona kwezinhlobo zokugcina okutholakalayo futhi zibhalwe ngendlela efanele kuhelme olufanayo. Ukusebenza kwezihlathi zokuphatha kuzokwenzela amaqhina amaningi amakhulu, ngakho-ke abasebenzi baya kubhekisa ukubhekiswa kwabantu bese bayaqonda ukuthi badebele isikhundla sokubhekisa kwezinhlobo zokugcina zokubhekisa uma amaqhina ayizigcwele.

Ingaba i-NRR enkulu yenza ukuthinteka kahle kakhulu?

Cha. I-NRR iyisilinganiso esebenzisa ilaboratori futhi ayikho isilinganiso sokugcina okutholakala ngumuntu wodwa emkhakheni. Ukubhalwa, ukusuka kwenhlawumbi, izinqumo zezinhlobo zokugcina ezingaphansi kwezinye, nokuziphatha kwebantu bazokuthinta ukusebenza kwempilo kwezinhlobo zokugcina.

Kungakwenzeka ukuthi izihlathi zokuphatha noma izihlathi zokuvula zithinteka ukusebenza kwezihlathi zokugcina?

Yebo. Izihlathi zokuphatha, izihlathi zokuvula, nezinye izinhlobo zokugcina zingathinteka ukubhalwa kwezihlathi zokugcina futhi zingabeka ukuthinteka kokugcina. Kufanele kubhekiswe izinhlobo zezinhlobo zokugcina njengoba ziyisilinganiso sokubhekisa ukuthi izihlathi zokugcina ziyabhalwa ngendlela efanele.

Kungakwenzeka ukuthi izihlathi zokugcina zohelme zithinteka ukusebenza kwehelme?

Babakwazi ukuba izibhamu zokukhanya noma isisiko sokubeka sikhululekile kusihlangu. Izibhamu zokukhanya ezizakhiwe ngendlela efanele futhi eziqinisekisiwe ngumshini wokuzakha zingathola isimo esisodwa, kodwa abasebenzi baya kufuna ukubonisa ukuthi ziyakhululekile nesihlangu sesithuthu esithile.

Kuphi na ukuthi kufuneka kubhekwe izibhamu zokukhanya zesi-hlangu?

Kufuneka kubhekwe kabefore use futhi ngalokho lokho abasebenzi bakhona ukubona ukuthi kukhona ukuguqula kwesifunda noma ukusebenza. Izibhamu zokukhanya, iziqondiso zokubeka, nezinqumo zokuhlela kufuneka zilishanyelwe uma zilahlekile, zilaphazekile, noma azikwazi ukugcina ukuthi zihlele kahle.

Abasebenzi baya kusebenzisa izibhamu zokukhanya noma izibhamu zokukhanya ngokujabulisana nini?

Ukusebenzisa izibhamu zokukhanya ezimbili kungaba yinkimbinkimbi ekupheleni kokukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu, kufaka eminye imithombo engaphansi noma ngaphezu kwe-100 dBA noma imithombo ethile engekhulu yokukhanya okuphazeka. Ukugcina kufuneka kubasebenzise ukuthi kubhekwe kwezinhlobo zokukhanya futhi ukuphatha kwezibhamu zokukhanya kwezimpilo zomphathi.

Isiphetho

Amaphutha okukhanya amakhanda ayinikiyo kungakwazi ukunika isiphumo esihle nokufaneleka kokukhanya kwamakhanda kubantu abasebenza emsheni wokwakha abadinga ukukhanya kwamakhanda kwezindustria. Isibonelo sakho sokuqonda akuyi nje ukuthi inani elikhulu le-NRR, kodwa ukuthi liyakwakha isimo esisodwa nokusebenza kahle kwe-PPE lapho amaphutha nekhanda ziyakwakha ukuze zisebenze ngokuhlanganisa.

Kodwa ukukhanya kwamakhanda okuhle kudinga kune-ukukhetha amaphutha okukhanya kwekhanda enani elikhulu le-rating. Abavumeli besebenza kufanele bahlalele ukukhanya kwesiko sokukhanya, baxoxe izimfuneko ze-OSHA, bavumile ukuthi ikhanda nezinkampani ziyafanele, baxabane nokuthi izinkampani ezingaphansi zezinye ziyathintana, futhi bawusiza abasebenzi ngokufundisa kahle nokuhlola ukuthi iphutha iyafanele.

Ngokugcina ukukhanya okuhle nokufaneleka kwekhanda, ukuhlola kabusha, nokukhetha ngokukhanya kwesiko, izimpahla zokwakha zingakwazi ukwenza inkulumo yokukhanya okuhle ngokuphelele ngokuthi bawusiza abasebenzi ukuba baphile ngokuphelele emasheni okwakha okuthinta kakhulu.