Ukukhetha I-Respirator Yomphakathi Wokugcina Isikhumba Ngokwesimo Sesihlahla Sokuqondwa

1. Izidingo Ezibalulekile Ekuvikelweni Kwezinyawo Ngokwesimo Sesihlahla

I-respirator yomphakathi wokugcina isikhumba—noma i-maski yomphakathi wokugcina isikhumba—iyagcina isikhumba sonke, futhi iyagcina amehlolo, inose, imilu, nemchinu, yenzela ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuphuma kwesihlahla esisodwa. Iyathola ubukhulu obungaphezu kwe-masks esinehlanganiso, futhi iyisidingo xa ukuvikela amehlolo kufanele kube khona.

Izindlela Zokuphula Okumangalisayo Ekuthengiseni Kwesinyawo:

• Ukungafanele Kwesibonelo Sesibarrier: Ukukhetha ukuvikelwa kokuphefumula okusekelwe kuphela entengo noma ekutholakaleni ngokuvamile kuholela ekuqhekekeni kokungcola okuyingozi.

• Izinkinga zokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukene: Imikhiqizo ejwayelekile emakethe ngokuvamile isebenzisa imiklamo ejwayelekile engakwazi ukuhambisana nezakhiwo zobuso ezahlukene noma izindawo ezithile eziyingozi.

• Ukugcina Kwesibonelo Sokusebenzisa: Ezinye izinto zokuphefumula zivimbela ukuphefumula noma zivale izimbobo, kuyilapho ezinye zingakwazi ukugcina uphawu olusebenzayo lapho usebenza kanzima noma uma usisebenzisa isikhathi eside.

Ukukhetha Okungenakugwenywa Ngokuphepha Emsebenzini: Izinhlelo zanamuhla zokuphepha emsebenzini zidinga indlela ehlelekile yokukhetha izinto zokuphefumula ezisekelwe ngokuqinile ekuhlolweni okunembile kwezingozi, ukukhethwa okufanele kwefilimu nokuhlolwa okuyimpoqo kokulingana.

2. Ukubamba iqhaza Izindinganiso Zobuchwepheshe Zomsebenzi Nezigaba

Izikhali zokuphefumula ezifanelekile ezihloselwe ubuso obugcwele kufanele zilandele izindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvikelwa okuzinzile emazingeni ahlukahlukene engozi.

Imithi Yokuqala Yokubhalwa

• Isivatho seYurope: Izikhali zokuphefumula zobuso obugcwele kufanele zihambisane EN 136 ( Amadivayisi okuvikela ukuphefumula - Amaski abhekene nobuso obugcwele ).

• Isifundo saseNingizimu Afrika: Izingxenye zokuphefumula kufanele Kwamukelwe ngu-NIOSH umlabel wokumkela ngu-NIOSH uyachaza izinto ezithile zokuphatha okunakho kuzo umkhosi wokuphatha nokuthi ukuphatha kuyisikhathi esiphezulu kuphi.

Ukubhalwa kwemaski yasefuli yase-Europe EN 136

EN 136 iyakhalisa amaski we-face efanayo ku-ma-class e-3 ngokwesibonelo sokusebenza nokuthi kuyisikhathi esiphakeme noma esincane:

• I-class 1 (Ukusebenza Okuncane): Yadlulwa ukusebenza okuncane nokuthi akukho phakade kakhulu, futhi ukusebenza kuyisikhathi esincane kuphi.

• I-class 2 (Ukusebenza Okuzenzakale): Iyathathwa njengokusebenza okuzenzakale kuzo zonke izindustria zokusebenza, noma ukuthi kuyasebenziswa ngokuphakeme kakhulu.

• I-class 3 (Ukusebenza Okuphezulu): Iyachaza i-level eyephezulu kakhulu yokuqondisa ukusebenza okuphezulu, ngenxa yokuthi kuyasebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokubona ukuthi ukuphuma kwamanzi kuyisikhathi esiphakeme kakhulu, ukuthi kuyabuka, nokuthi kuyasebenzisa izinto ezinamandla. Kuyasebenzisa ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukuvikela abantu emaphandleni, nokuthi kuyasebenzisa ukuvikela abantu emaphandleni okuphakeme.

3. Umsebenzi Wokukhetha I-filter (EN 14387)

Nakuba umaski uyasebenza njengesiqondiso sesikhumba, umshini wokufiltera uyisiphumo esesikweni sokukhupha izinto ezingavumelekile kusuka kumoya. Ngokwesifundo se-Europe EN 14387 , izifiltara zichazwa ngokugcwele ngemilinganiselo amakholi okukhokhela (okuchaza isithumo) kunye ne- izigaba (okuchaza ubukhulu besilingo).

Ukuthintela Ukukhokhela Kwamakholi nokubulawa Kwezinhlobo Zokubulawa

• ? Bhuroni (Ithayipu A): Iyabulawa ngamagasi nezivuli zokuphatha kwezinto ezigcwele nge-65°C.

• ⬜ Griyi (Ithayipu B): Ukukhupha izigashe zokungavumelekile nezivapour (isibonelo: chlorine, hydrogen sulphide).

• ? Yelolowu (Ithayipu E): Iyabulawa ngamagasi amakhulu we-sulphur dioxide nezinye izigasi zokuphatha kwezinto ezingcwele.

• ? Girini (Ithayipu K): Ukukhuselela kusukela ku-ammonia nokwezinye izinkulungwane zokwesibonelo se-ammonia.

• ?⬜ Ibomvu/Bomvu Noma Bovula (Isithumo SAX): Ukukhupha izigashe zokuvumelekile okuphansi kwe-65°C yokubuyisa.

Izikhundla zesikhwama sokuthenga (Isikhwama 1 / 2 / 3)

Ngokwesithumo sonye, izifiltera zihlukanwa ngamashumi amathathu ngokwesilingo sabo nokuphela kwesilingo:

• Isikhwama 1 (Isikhwama Esincane): Siyafanele kubukhuselela kusukela kumthombo omdala okanye kusukela kusikhathi esincane.

• Isikhwama 2 (Isikhwama Esedlula): Siyafanele kubukhuselela kusukela kuzinzinzineli zokusebenza ezizindawo zokusebenza.

• Isikhwama 3 (Isikhwama Esikhulu): Ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu—kudingeka ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphakeme kwezinkinga noma ukubhekwa kwezinkinga eziningi.

Inkcazelo Yokuvumelana Kwezinkinga Eziningi: Kumizimbi ephakathi kwezinhlobo zezinto ezingavumelekile eziningi, kunezifiltre ezihlanganisiwe (isibonelo, i ABEK isifundo esihlanganiswe).

4. Isigaba-Nge-Sigaba Isigaba Sokukhetha

Isigaba 1: Faka isibonelo nehlolwa kwezinkinga zokusebenza

Faka isibonelo sezinto ezingavumelekile (igama lechimical, ukuphakanyiswa kwakho), qinisa isimo sesikhathi (igas, ivapour, iparticulate), hlola umkhathi wokubhekana nokuvumelekile, futhi hlola izinto zomdlalo (isithembu, ubushushu, ukusebenza kwezinye izinto).

Isigaba 2: Qinisa i-APF (Assigned Protection Factor) esidingekayo

Linganisa ubunzima bekuphakanyiswa nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto zokusebenza ngokwesifundo sokuvumelekile:

Isithombe sokubuza ngokugcina kwamasiko: Izindawo zokuphila ezinconywa kakhulu nokuthi amasiko aya kusinda ngokukhala, izindawo zokuphila ezingakwaziyo ukuthi zinamagasi amathuba okufa, noma izindawo zokuphila ezinamagasi amathuba okufa angakwaziyo okuthi ziyini, zisikhipha ukusebenzisa izihlombe zokuphatha amasiko ozokuphatha ngokuphatha amasiko. Kulezi zindawo, kusho kuphela i-SCBA esivumelwe .

Isigaba 3: Yenza isifundo sokufaka isihlombe ngokuphelele

Isihlombe esingafakiwe ngokuphelele asinakukhombisa ukuthi sikhuluma ngokuphelele. Ukufaka isihlombe ngokuphelele kuyisifundo esifunekile ukuthi isihlombe sifake isibindi esihle kwenyama yomuntu osebenzisa. Izinto ezinokuthi zihlole isibindi zihlukume kuzo izinyembezi (izinyembezi zezinyembezi, izinyembezi zezinyembezi), ukufaka ngokungafanele, ukukhetha isikhundla esingafanele, nokuhlanjwa kwesihlombe.

Isigaba 4: Landela izimithi zokubuyisela izifiltara ngokuphelele

Izifiltara kufanele zibuyiselwe ngokukhala uma kulinye ilimi izimo ezilandelayo zihlala:

1. Ukuthi izilwane zihlukume kubonwa ngumuntu osebenzisa ngokuthi zihlukume ngokuthi zihlukume, ngokuthi zihlukume, noma ngokuthi zihlukume;

2. Umbuso wokuphatha okubhalwe ngumthwala wakhiwe;

3. I-filter ibe yaphika isikhathi sakho sokugcina.

5. Amaprofayili Okukhethwa Okuthiye Kusenzo

• Ukwenza I-chemical: Amathuba ayisisekelo amahlobo asebenza kanye nezinye izilo zokufa. Ukuxoxwa: Isikhumba sokugcina esinamandla 2 noma 3 esihambelana ne-type ABEK combined filter (Class 2 noma 3 kusukela kusikhathi sokuphakanyiswa).

• Ukuhlamba kwezilwanyana: Amathuba ayisisekelo amadumo amaninzi, izilo zokufa ezinkulu kakhulu, kanye nokungabi nolwazi lwe-oxygen. Ukuxoxwa: Isikhumba sokugcina esinamandla 3 (okusetyenziswa kokuchaza) esihlanganisiwe nesistimu ye-SCBA eyodwa.

• Ukwenza i-pharmaceutical: Izinkinga zihlukaniswe kubukhali bechemikhali obusebenzayo nezinkunkuma ezingcono eziningi. Ukuxoxwa: Isikhwama sesikhumba sokuphakamisa isikhumba sakhiya 2 esihlanganisiwe ne-filter yezinkunkuma nesigashe.

• Ukuphatha kwezinkinga (Kukhulula kwechemikhali): Izinkinga zihlukaniswe kubukhali obukhulukile okungaziwa noma obukhulukile kakhulu. Ukuxoxwa: Isikhwama sesikhumba sokuphakamisa isikhumba sakhiya 3 nesifilter esihlanganisiwe esinengxenye enkulu noma SCBA ngokwesimo sokuthi sibonakalise ukuthi siphakanyiswe ngokuphakamisa isikhumba sokuphakamisa.

6. Izinkinga eziphambili ezimiselwe ukuzilungisa

• Ukukhetha isifilter esingafanele: Ukusetha isifilter yezinkunkuma ukusetyenziswa kubukhali, noma ngokunye.

• Ukuzwa isifilter sakhiya: Ukusetha isifilter esingaphansi sakhiya 1 ukusetyenziswa kubukhali obukhulu noma obunzima kakhulu.

• Ukuphikisela Ukuziphatha Kwesikhathi Sokuziphatha: Ukuqinisa ukuthi isikhombiso esinye sesikhombiso sokukhanya sifana ngokuphelele nabo bonke abasebenzi.

• Usebenzisa Isikhombiso Esisedale: Ukubhekisa kubafiltara obuyisele isikhathi sakhe sokugcina kwezindawo zokugcina kwezindawo zokusebenza okanye isikhathi sakhe sokusebenza.

7. Isiphetho nokunika amasiko ngokuthenga

Ukukhetha isikhombiso esihle sokukhanya sifuna ukuziphatha okungakwazi ukusinda, okufanana nomthetho wokuziphatha. Ukuziphatha kwe- EN 136 yokukhanya, EN 14387 yobafiltara, NIOSH amathuluzi okuhlanganisa emazweni eNorth America ekhombisa ukuthi izinto zokukhanya zizimele kumithetho yezwe lonke.

Kubabuyi bempuma nemphathi yokuqala: Ukudala ubunzima bokusebenza kanye nokuvimbela ukuziphatha kwezinhlangano zokuziphatha kufanele kuthengwe kubabili besikhombiso esibonakalayo. Kusasa uvimbela abasilisa abathola isikhombiso esisheshayo sobafiltara, izilimi zokuziphatha ezibonakalayo, kanye nokunika umbono wokuziphatha okubonakalayo okuhlanganisa ukukhetha okufanayo nesikhombiso.