Kungani isebenzisa isikhumba sokukhala phakathi kwamadolo amahle?

1. ukuhlaziywa Izidingo Eziyinhloko Zokuvikela Indlela Yokuphefumula Ezindaweni Ezinamagesi Anobuthi

Ezimbonini zanamuhla, ukwehluleka kwemishini yokuzivikela ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukungazinaki izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Abaphathi bezokuphepha bavame ukuphawula ukuthi izifihla-buso ezivamile noma ukuvikela ukuphefumula okungalungile akuzivikeli ngokwanele ezintweni ezingcolisa umzimba.

Amaphuzu okuhluleka ajwayelekile emishini evamile yokuvikela:

• Ukuvikelwa kwesithiyo okunganele: Izisebenzi ezigqoke imishini engeyona esezingeni elifanele zivame ukuzwa isiyezi, isicanucanu noma ukucasuka komoya, okuyizimpawu ezicacile zokuthi isivikelo siphumile.

• Izingibe Zokuklama "Ubukhulu Obufanayo" Izinkampani zokusebenza eziphakathi azinakwenzela izinto ezisemthwakathini zokusebenza zokubaluleka kwezinye izigaba, futhi kuzoba nezinkinga zokusebenza kwezinye izigaba.

• Ukugcina Kwesibonelo Sokusebenzisa: Amasiko amaningi ayabeka ubukhulu bokudla, ayabeka amasiki wezinyawo aqhubeka ngokufog, noma ayakhangelwa ukuthi kuyasebenza kahle uma kusenziwa umsebenzi omkhulu wokusebenza.

Ukuchaza Okuncongqulwa Kwezinkampani Zokusebenza: Okufanele kuzibeke kwezinkampani zokusebenza kuzoba nezinkampani zokuphepha umoya (RPE) zokusebenza kahle okuzoba ne- ukubeka kahle kwezinyawo , ukugcina kahle kwezinyawo ngokuphakeme kakhulu , kanye ukuthi kungafani ngezinye izinkampani zokuphepha umoya (PPE) (njengokuthi amasiki wezinyawo namaphethi amakhulu).

2. Izindlela Zokusebenza Zokuphepha Umoya Nezindlela Zokusebenza Zokuphepha Umoya

Izimaski zokuhlanza okuthile kuzokwenzeka kwezinye izinhlobo zemithi yamandla kufanele zifundise imithi yezizwe zonke yokuphepha ukuthi zihlinze ngokuphephile.

Imithi Yokuqala Yokubhalwa

• Isivatho seYurope: Izimaski zokuhlanza zonke zifanele ziqondiswe ngokwesibonelo EN 136 ( Amasipho okuhlanza - Izimaski zokuhlanza zonke - Imiphumela, ukuzilungisa, ukubhala ). Izinto zifanele zilungiswe futhi zibe ne- Ukuthiwa kwe-CE njengoko kubhekwa ngokwesibonelo se-EU (EU) 2016/425 .

• Isifundo saseNingizimu Afrika: Izinkampani kufanele zihlanganise NIOSH (Instituthi yaseNingizimu Afrika yokuphepha kwabantu bokusebenza) izinqumo zokuvumela.

Ukubhalwa kwemaski yasefuli yase-Europe EN 136

EN 136 ibhalisa imaski yasefuli ku-misini emibili ngokwesibonelo sokusebenza nokuphakanyiswa kwezinkinga:

Izidingo eziyinhloko zokuhlola: Amaski ahambisana nezimfuneko kumelwe adlule ekuhlolweni okunzima ukuphefumula (ukuqinisekisa ukuphefumula nokuphefumula okubushelelezi), Ukulingana kwe-CO₂ kwesifuba esihlathulwa (kukhokhwa ngokugcwele ukungafihla kwe-carbon dioxide ku-1% ngemilinganiselo), ukuthwasa (Iklasi 2/3 iyayikhotha ukuthi amaski kufanele akwazi ukuphuma phansi kwezinye izikhathi emva kokuboniswa kwezilwanyana, ngaphezu kweziminyaka ezimbili), futhi ukuzivikela ukuthi isifuba sengaphakathi sibuyele emuva (ukuhlolwa kwezinkambo zokuvikela ngemiphumela yezindlela zokusebenza ezihlukaniswe).

3. Ukuchazwa kwezifiltara nokukhetha

Nakuba umaski uyasebenza njengezindawo zokubeka, isifiltara sisikhundla esikhulu sokuvikela. Ngokulandela isisteme saseYurophu EN 14387 , izifiltara zichazwa ngokugcwele ngemilinganiselo amakholi okukhokhela kanti izilimi :

Ukuthintela Ukukhokhela Kwamakholi nokubulawa Kwezinhlobo Zokubulawa

• ? Bhuroni (Ithayipu A): Iyabulawa ngamagasi nezivuli zokuphatha kwezinto ezigcwele nge-65°C.

• ⬜ Griyi (Ithayipu B): Iyabulawa ngamagasi nezivuli zokuphatha kwezinto ezingcwele.

• ? Yelolowu (Ithayipu E): Iyabulawa ngamagasi amakhulu we-sulphur dioxide nezinye izigasi zokuphatha kwezinto ezingcwele.

• ? Girini (Ithayipu K): Ukukhuselela kusukela ku-ammonia nokwezinye izinkulungwane zokwesibonelo se-ammonia.

Izikhundla zesikhwama sokuthenga (Isikhwama 1 / 2 / 3)

Ngaphakathi kwelinye ilo, izifiltela zihlukanwa kwaye ngamashumi amabili amathathu ngokwesikhwama sokuthenga isikhwama sokuthenga esithiwe kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza :

• Isikhwama 1 (Isikhwama Esincane): Siyafanele kubukhuselela kusukela kumthombo omdala okanye kusukela kusikhathi esincane.

• Isikhwama 2 (Isikhwama Esedlula): Siyafanele kubukhuselela kusukela kuzinzinzineli zokusebenza ezizindawo zokusebenza.

• Isikhwama 3 (Isikhwama Esikhulu): Kuyadingeka ukukhuselela kusukela kumthombo omkhulu (nangona kusukela kusikhathi esincane) noma kusukela kusikhathi eside.

Amazwi Okuzimisela Okuphambili:

1. Khetha Isifundo Ngokwesilinganiso Sesihlalo, Akalokho Ngokwesilinganiso Sesikhathi: Isiklasi sesifundo kufanele sichazwe ngokwesilinganiso sesi- isihlalo sesibonakaliso kanti isilinganiso sesikhathi sokubona , akalokho ngokwesilinganiso sesikhathi sokubona kuphela.

2. Izindawo Ezenzekwa Ngamabonakaliso Amashumi Amabili: Kumaqondisi enzima ezenzekwa ngamabonakaliso amashumi amabili, kufanele abe usebenzisa amasifundo okuhlanganiswa (isibonakaliso, i- ABEK isifundo esihlanganiswe).

3. Izigasi zesikhathi esiphansi sokuvula: Kwizigasi zesithembu nezivuli zokuthi isikhathi sokuvula < 65°C, isifiltela se-AX sifanele . Qaphela ukuthi izifiltela ze-AX ziyasebenza kuphela kuzo izinhlobo zezigasi ezingaphezulu kakhulu, noma kuzo izintonga ezincane, futhi akufanele zisebenziswe emilondweni yezigasi zokuthatha izinkambo ezingaphezulu kakhulu ngoba kunezinkinga zokukhala.

4. Isihlangu sesikhanda sonke kunoma-yesihlangu sesikhanda sesibili: Yini okufanele ukwenziwa?

Ukuphikisana phakathi kwesihlangu sesikhanda sonke kunoma-yesihlangu sesikhanda sesibili kuyisahluko sezinkinga zokubulawa kwezinyoni futhi isahluko sokubulawa okufanele.

• Isihlangu sesikhanda sonke:

  • Isahluko sokubulawa sokugcinwa (APF): 50

  • Isicelo: Kuyadingekile uma imikhombi yezinto ezingavali yasekhaya ziyakhula, umsebenzi uyaphakanyiswa ngamachemikhali okanye amasprays, noma igasi elibungazi kuyathwasa isikhathi esifanayo noma kuthwasa amehlo.

• Isikhalo sesikhathi sesibili:

  • Isiphumo sokubulawa kwesikhathi (APF): 10

  • Isicelo: Sikhalwa kuphela izinyawo nezinyawo. Kuyasebenza kumisebenzi emphakathi yokuthwasa okuphezulu apho ukubulawa kwamahlo akudingeki, futhi igasi alithwasa amehlo.

(Qaphela: Izinhlamvu zokubulawa kwesikhathi zesi-50 ne-10 ezitholwe phezu kwenkulumo ziyasebenza kuphela ku- izinkampani zokubulawa ngokukhala ngokuphuma kwamandla . Izinkampani zokubulawa ngokukhala ngokuphuma kwamandla (PAPR) nezinkampani zokubulawa zokuzimela (SCBA) zinezinhlamvu zokubulawa zokugcina zokuhlanganisa futhi zihlukaniswe ngokwesibonelo ku- EN 529 .)

5. Umsebenzi wokubulawa okuphezulu nokubuyisela izifiltara

1. Ngani "Ukukhetha Ifiltara Ekuhambisana" Akuyi "Ubuciko Obuphelele"

Nakuba isebenzisa isikhumba sokugcina esihle kakhulu, sibeka ubukhulu obuncane okanye akukho ukhulupi uma asifaneki ngokuphelele kumzimba wendawo.

• Ukuzilolwa Kwenziwe Ngokubalulekile: Ngokwemithetho yase-EU, ukuzilolwa kwakwesibili kuyisikhathi sokusebenza kokuqala kuyisikhathi sokusebenza kokuqala , emva koko ukuzilolwa okuphinda kwenziwa ngomnyaka ukuhlinzekwa kokuphatha imisebenzi ngokuphelele.

• Izinkinga Zokufutha Okumeleke: Izinyamazane zomzimba, ukungathembekisi kahle, ukusiza okungafanelekile, izinkambo zokufutha ezingaqondi, izikhumba zokugcina ezinjulile noma ezingavile, nokufutha okuvile kwezinyamazane zokufutha zingasindisa ukufana kwezikhumba.

2. Imithombo Yokuguqula Izinkambo

Ungakwazi ukusabela ukuthi ifiltara itholele kabusha. Kufanele ifiltara ibuyiselwe ngokukhutshwa uma kulinye ilimi izimo ezilandelayo zihlala:

1. Ukutholeka kwezinto ezingathinteka kubonakala ngomuntu osebenzisa ngendlela yokuphepha, ukuphepha, noma ukuzimela kwesikhathi sokudla ;

2. U isikhathi esitholakala sokusebenza sokubhalwe yisifundo sika-PRODUCER;

3. Ifiltara iphume isikhathi esitholakala sokusebenza impilo yeshelufu .

6. Isiphetho nesindikumbi sokuthenga

Amaski wekhanda ayisilungiselelo esiphambili ekulungiseni imithandazo yabantu abasebenza emizimbeni eyinhloko. Ukuzimela izindlela zokuhlanganisa njenge- EN 136 yamaphakathi amakhulu noma yamaphakathi amakhulu EN 14387 ukusebenzisa izifiltela kuyisibalo esisiseko kupha. Ukubulala kwempilo okwanele kudinga ukuthi lezi zixhoba ezisemthethweni zihambanise nezilungiselelo zokuphatha izinto ezingenakwenzeka emsebenzini, ukuzimela ngokuphelele izifiltela, nokuphatha ukuzimela ngokuphelele.

Kubabuyi bempuma nemphathi yokuqala: Xa kufundwa izimthetho zokugcina impuma nokubulala kwempilo okuphakeme, ukuxhumana nempahla enomthelela okwanele eyenza iziprodukthi ezisemthethweni zonke njenge ukungena Kwemibono Efunekayo Ngenqanawe Ngezokufundisa ngumlando omuhle wokubulala kwempilo emsebenzini nokubulala kwemithetho.