EN
Izinkinga Ezisisekelo Kwezinkulungwane Zokuthenga Okukhethekile
Amaphutha amakhulu nezindawo zokusebenza zizokwazi ukubona izinkinga eziphathelene nokuthenga iziphephethi zokubuka ngokwezinye ezisemthwakathini. Abaprofesiwane bokuthenga abanomlando ophelele wokusebenza bakhuluma ukuthi ukungafani kwezinto zokuphatha phakathi kwezindlela zokuphatha kanye nezindlela zokuphatha kwezibalo ziyizinkinga eziphakade kumsebenzi wokuthenga i-PPE. Amashishini amaningi ayathenga izithembiso eziningi ngezinhlobo zamakhanda amahle kanye nezinhlobo zamakhanda okukhula, kodwa bayabeka isikhundla esingaphansi ekuphatheni kwezibalo ezinkulu, okuzosivela kuzo ukufadwa kwamakhanda amahle, ukuvulwa kwezithembiso zokubuka ngokwezinye, kanye nokungafani kwezinhlobo zeziphephethi. Ngaphezu kwezinto zokuphatha ezingavumelekile, izikhathi zokuholela zihlala ziyakha umthelela omkhulu wokusebenza, ikakhulu kuma-enteprayizi osebenzisa amaphutha amasha kanye nezindlela zokuguqula abasebenzi bokusha. Izindawo ezahlukene kanye nezindawo zokusebenza zezifunda zizohlanganisa izithembiso zokuphatha kwezinhlobo zamakhanda, ukuphrinta amagama, kanye nezinhlobo zokusebenza, futhi zizobuyela emva kwezinhlobo zokuphatha zokuxhumana kwezizwe zonke. Izidingo ezihlanganayo zokuphatha kwezinhlobo zokuphatha, ukuholela ngokuphelele, kanye nokuthenga ngokwezinye kuzoyikhipha ukuthenga kwezithembiso zokubuka ngokwezinye kwezibalo njengomsebenzi owodwa ongahlanganisiwa, okudinga iziphumo ezilungile kanye nezinhlobo zokuphatha ezilungile.
Izindlela Zokuphepha Zokuphatha Okwanele Kukhona Kwizithunzi Zokuphatha Okuzosakhiwa Ngokukhulu
Ukuhambisana ngokuqinile nemigomo yokuphepha yamazwe ngamazwe kuyisisekelo esiyisisekelo sezingubo zokusebenza ezifanelekile ezibonisa izinto eziningi. Ochwepheshe abaphezulu embonini ye-PPE bagcizelela ukuthi zonke izingubo zokusebenza ezibonisa ukukhanya ezisetshenziswa ekwakheni, emisebenzini yasemgwaqweni, nasezimweni zokusebenza ngaphandle kufanele zihlolwe yiNhlangano Egunyaziwe evunyelwe ngokuhambisana ne-EN ISO 20471 (izinga laseYurophu lezingubo ezibonisa kahle Imikhiqizo ethunyelwa eNyakatho Melika nayo ngokuvamile kudingeka ihlangabezane ne-ANSI/ISEA 107. Le mithetho egunyazayo ibeka izidingo ezifanayo zokukhethwa kwezinto, ukwakheka kwendawo ekhanyayo, nokuqina kokuwasha kwezimboni, okusebenza ngokulinganayo kumaqoqo amancane okuhlola kanye nama-oda amakhulu amakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-EN ISO 20471 Class 3 - izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuvikela - idinga ukuthi kuthathwe itheyiphu ekhanyayo ukuze ifakwe kokubili esifubeni nasezingalweni; ijazi noma iveli ngaphandle kokumboza izingalo ngokugcwele ayikwazi ukuthola isitifiketi seClass 3, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo ekhanyayo emzimbeni. Lolu hlobo luyadingeka emisebenzini yemigwaqo esheshayo nasezindaweni ezinkulu zokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo emikhulu. Izingubo zokusebenza eziqinisekisiwe ezibonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu zisebenzisa izinhlelo zombala ezijwayelekile ezikhanyayo ezinamapharamitha wokukhanya okuqinile namateyipu aphakeme abonisa ukukhanya okuphezulu atholakala ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezihlukile zezinto: itheyiphu ephezulu ye-microprismatic, okuyikhetho eli Le nqubo idinga ukuthi itheyiphu ekhanyayo igcine ama-coefficients okubonakalisa aqinile (alinganiswa ngo-cd/lx·m2) ngemva kwenani lemijikelezo yokuwasha yezimboni efakwe umenzi. (ngokwesibonelo, izikliki ezi-25 zokusebenza kwezindustria ezinkulu )izisombululo zesifunda sokuthenga esikhundleni esikhundleni esiphambili: umkhondo wemvelo (gsm), isivinini sesibhakabhaka (cd/lx·m²), urating wokubhala kwezihlanu, nokuphuma kwesibhakabhaka — konke okuyizindlela zokubala eziphambili zokuthenga kwezindustria. Ukuproducwa kwezinkulu kudinga ukuthenga kwezinto zokuproducwa ngokujabulisana nezindlela zokuproducwa ezilungileyo ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuthi yiliphi na igarment iyasebenza ngokulinganayo. Ukubuyekezwa kwezinto zokuproducwa ngokushenjiswa kwenkulu kungavunyeli izicertifikethi zeprodukthi futhi kungalungiselela izinkinga ezingaphezulu zokuphila kwezintonga ezingaphezulu zezinsizakalo.
Izisombululo Zokugcina Ngokwesibonelo Zokuthenga Kwezinkulu
Abakhiqizi be-PPE abanokwethenjelwa balinganisela ngempumelelo amazinga okuphepha ahlanganisiwe kanye nokwenza ngezifiso okwenziwe ngezifiso ukuze bahlangabezane ngokugcwele nezidingo zokuthengwa kwezinto eziningi ezahlukahlukene zamabhizinisi eqembu. Emabhizinisi ahlukahlukene anezinkampani eziningi, isitayela sezingubo jikelele nesakhiwo esiyinhloko esibonisa ukufana kuhlala kuhlangene ukuze kwakhiwe isithombe somkhiqizo wenkampani esihambisanayo ngenkathi kwenziwa ukulungiswa okusebenzayo okuhlosiwe ngezikhundla ezahlukene zomsebenzi. Amaqembu okugcina imigwaqo igcwele angagqokwa izingubo zokusebenza ezingangenwa ngamanzi nezithuthukisa ukucabanga, kanti abasebenzi abasebenza endaweni yokugcina impahla basebenzisa izingubo ezenziwe ngendlela efanele ukuze basekele ukunyakaza okuvamile kokugoba nokwelula. Ezimotweni zokuthutha ezisebenza eziteshini zegesi noma ezithutha amakhemikhali ayingozi, izingubo zokusebenza ezingamelana ne-static ziyadingeka ukuze kuqedwe izingozi zokuthungela kwe-electrostatic. Ukuze kusetshenziswe amathonela nezimo ze-spacerescue ezivalekile, kunconywa izindwangu eziqhakazile eziqhakazile ezenziwe ngokukhethekile ezindaweni ezikhanyayo, nezinketho zezinto ezikhanyayo. Ezindaweni eziphakeme noma ezivame ukuba nemvula, lesi sixazululo sihlukanisa phakathi kwezingxenye eziphefumula amanzi ezivikela amanzi ukuze kube lula ukuzithola ezimweni ezinomswakama nezindwangu ezivikela ukubanda ezivikela ilangabi ukuze kube lula ukuzithola ezimweni ezibandayo. Izakhi ezenziwe ngezifiso ezihlanganisa ama-logo ezinkampani, izihlonzi zamaqembu kanye nama-slogan okuphepha kufanele zinyatheliswe kuphela ezindaweni eziqokiwe ezinombala ohlukile, futhi akufanele zimboze noma iyiphi itheyiphu ekhanyayo, isizinda se-fluorescent noma ezinye izindawo ezibonakala kahle; indawo ephelele eph Ithimba lokuklama eliqeqeshiwe liqinisekisa imidwebo yokukhiqiza futhi likhiqize amasampula angaphambi kokukhiqizwa kusengaphambili. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ngobuningi kuqala kuphela ngemva kokuba amakhasimende esehlole ngokugcwele ikhwalithi yesampula nemininingwane eyenziwe ngezifiso. Lokhu kuhamba komsebenzi okujwayelekile kuqeda izingozi zokuphinda kusetshenzwe futhi kuxazulula izinkinga zokwehluka kwekhwalithi kuma-oda amakhulu.
Imisebenzi Esebenzayo Yokuxhumana Kweminye Yezifundo Zokuthenga Ngokubanzi
Amacala okuzibophezela okubambisana kwezimboni aqinisekisa ngokugcwele ukubaluleka okusebenzayo kwezinsizakalo ezijwayelekile zokwenza ngokwezifiso izinto eziningi. Iqembu elikhulu lezokuthutha elihlanganisa izifunda ngaphambili lalinenkinga yokungalingani kwekhwalithi yezingubo zokusebenza futhi lalinokulibaziseka kokuthumela lapho lisebenzisana nezimboni ezincane ezingekho emthethweni. Ngemva kokushintshela ezixazululweni ezijwayelekile zokuqasha izinto eziningi, ibhizinisi lafinyelela ikhwalithi efanayo yezingubo zokusebenza ezibonisa ukukhanya kuwo wonke amagatsha esifunda. Zonke izingubo ezenziwe ngezifiso zadlula kahle ekuhlolweni kokuhambisana nokuphepha endaweni futhi izinga lezingozi zokuphepha ezihlobene nokubonakala endaweni yecala lezehla kakhulu. Kwesinye isibonelo, iqembu elikhulu lokwakha lamazwe omhlaba laqala amaphrojekthi amaningi engqalasizinda aphesheya kwezilwandle futhi labeka ama-oda amakhulu kakhulu ezingubo zomsebenzi ezibonisa ukukhanya. Umkhiqizi ofanelekayo waqeda ukukhiqizwa komjikelezo ophelele kanye nokulethwa kwezinto zomhlaba wonke okuwela imingcele ngesikhathi esifanele, yonke imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukile zokuqinisekiswa kokuphepha kwesifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqhubi wesikhumulo sezindiza wenza i-oda elikhulu lezingubo ezibonisa ukukhanya ezivikela usawoti nezithuthukisa ukuvikelwa kokugqwala ezindaweni ezisogwini; umqashi womgwaqo wasemadolobheni wathenga izingubo zomsebenzi ezivikela i-asphalt-oil ezivimbela ukuwohloka kwezinto zok Lezi zimo zangempela zifakazela ukuthi ukusebenzisana nabahlinzeki abangochwepheshe nabanekhono kunciphisa kakhulu izingozi zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamabhizinisi futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle okuphelele.
Iziphakamiso Zokuthenga Nokusebenza Ngokugcwele Kuma-Enterprise
Ukuthenga kwezinhlangano zokusebenza okuphathelene nokuqondisa izithombe zokusebenza ezinamandla kusukela kuzo kubiza iziphumo esebenzayo nezokuphatha eziphathelene nokuzimela kumazwe. Ukuxhumana ngqo nabo babalwa abaqondi ukuthenga kubangela ukungabikho kweba laba baphatha izinto, futhi kubiza ukunciphisa kakhulu izindlela zokuthenga okwesikhathi sokuthenga kwezinhlangano zokusebenza. Ukuqiniseka kwesimo sokuphatha kwezinto ezisemthethweni kubiza ukunzima kokugcina izinto kanye nokunciphisa ukuthenga kabusha kwezinhlangano ezinkulu zokusebenza. Izithombe zokusebenza ezifanayo nezisemthethweni zibiza ukuthi izinhlangano zokusebenza ziphumelela ngokuphelele emizimbeni yezempilo zokusebenza zasekhaya futhi zibiza ukungabikho kwezimpilo zokusebenza nezimpilo zokusebenza zokuthi izinhlangano zokusebenza zihlale kusukela kwezimpilo zokusebenza. Izithombe zokusebenza ezifanayo nezisemthethweni zibiza ukuthi izinhlangano zokusebenza ziqhubeka ngokuhle kanye nokubiza isimo esihle sokusebenza kwezinhlangano zokusebenza. Abaphathi bezinhlangano zokusebenza abaningi bafunda ukuthi ukuthenga kwezinhlangano zokusebenza okuphathelene nokuqondisa izithombe zokusebenza ezinamandla kusukela kuzo kuyisakhiwo esibalulekile sokuvikela izinhlangano zokusebenza kanye nokuzimela ukuthi izinhlangano zokusebenza ziyakwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele.
Ukuhlanganisa Kwemithambo Yokuphatha Nokusebenza Kweziqukuthelo Zonke
Ukuthumela kwezikhombisa ezingaphezulu nokuhlanganiswa okuphathelene nesivumelwano kusetyenziswa kwamandla okuproducwa okuphezulu nokusebenza kwesikhumbuzo sokugcina isikhathi sonke. Iboate inebhase yokuqala yezinkampani eziningi zokuproducwa okuphezulu, nezindlela zokuproducwa ezisemthethweni, nezinhlelo zokukhokha ubunzima bokuphatha izinto zonke. Le bhrandi iyakwenzela izihlombe zezibhalo ezikhulu ngokuphezulu futhi iyakubeka ukuthi akukho uhlu kwezinto zokuproducwa kanye nezinhloso zokuproducwa. Ukuphatha kwezinhlelo zokuproducwa ngokufanele kuyakwenzela ukuthi kwenziwe ngokuphezulu izihlombe zezibhalo ezikhulu noma izihlombe ezifana nezinye zokuphatha izinto zonke. Isikhumbuzo sokusebenza siphakathi sikhuluma ngokuhlanganiswa kokudesigna, ukuvumela isampula, ukuproducwa kwezinhloso, nokuthumela kwezinhloso kuwo wonke umhlaba. Isitayela sezintechinoloji esiphezulu sithunywa izindaba zokuvumela nokuthi kutholakala izirhwebu zokuzimisa ukuze kusindise amaqembu aseNingizimu Afrika ukwenza izivumelwano zokuphatha izinto zonke kanye nokufika emarketini ngokuphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa izikhathi ezingu-20 zokusebenza kwi-indistri yezinto zokuphatha izinto zonke eNingizimu Afrika, Iboate ithunywa ukuthi kuyavumelwa ngokuphezulu, ukuthi kuyahlanganiswa ngokuphezulu, nokuthi kuyakhiwa izinhloso zokuproducwa ngokuphezulu ukuze kuthunywe iziphumo ezinconywayo zokuthenga ngokuphezulu kubantu abasebenzisa kuzo wonke umhlaba. 