EN
Umgomo Wokuphakama Nokusetyenziswa Kwizindlela Zokusebenza Zalesi Siqu
EN ISO 20471 uyasebenza njengezindlela zokuzinikela ezizizwe zonke zokusebenzisa izithunywa zesikhumba esizibonakalayo, esisethulwa ukuthi abasebenzi bafanele ukubonwa kahle kuwo wonke amaxesha okusebenza ngemini nebusuku. Abasayensi besigaba sokuphepha kwesikhumba sezifundo zokuphepha zisisho kakhulu ukuthi le zindlela zokuzinikela ziyaphatha wonke abasebenzi abasebenzana nezihlombe ezingaqondi, kungakhathali abasebenzi basekonstrukhweni, abasebenzi bakususa imilambo, abasebenzi bamasipala, nabasebenzi basezindawo zokusebenza ngaphandle. Abaprofesha bezokuthenga nabasayensi besigaba sokuphepha besikhumba bazisiza ngokwempilo ukuthi izithunywa ezingazinikeli zokubonwa kahle zihlukile kakhulu emva kokuthwashwa okuningi noma emva kokubona isimo sokuphepha okubi ngeminyaka. Izinto ezingavumelekile zihlukile kakhulu emva kokuthi zihlukile kakhulu emva kokuthwashwa okuningi noma emva kokubona isimo sokuphepha okubi ngeminyaka. Le zindlela zokuzinikela zisethula iziphakamiso ezizizwe zokusebenza, iziphakamiso zokufaka izithunywa, neziphakamiso zokuthwashwa, ziyaphatha wonke amasese asekhaya okuphepha okuphambili nokuphepha okuhambisana nemilambo. Qaphela ukuthi le zindlela zokuzinikela ziyisibonelo esifanele: EN ISO 20471; isibonelo esicwele "EN 20471" asivumelekile ngokufanekile futhi kufanele sisebenzise ngokulinganisa izinto zokuthenga. Ukuzinikela ukuthi le zindlela zokuzinikela ziyisibonelo esifanele kukhona kuyisibonelo esisiseko sokukhetha izithunywa zesikhumba esizibonakalayo esifanele ukuthi zihambisane nezidingo zokusebenza.
Izinhlobo Zokusebenza Nokubhekana Nokusetshenziswa Kwazo
Lokhu kuthiwa kuyisistimu esiphakanyisweyo esithi isikhumba sokusebenza esisikhelelweyo sibekwe ema-klasi yamabili ngokwesilinganiso sesikhumba sokubhekwa kanye nesilinganiso sokubhekwa kwesikhumba sokusebenza, ngokwenziwa kwezikhundla zokusebenza. Iklasi Yesinye inama-klasi amancane yokubhekwa nokubhekwa kwesikhumba sokusebenza, okufanele kuzindawo ezinzima ezizolungileyo noma kuzindawo ezingasenzi ukusonga kwezinhlanzi. Iklasi Yesibili iyasinda isilinganiso sokubhekwa kanye nokubhekwa kwesikhumba sokusebenza, futhi yilokho okufanele kuzindawo zokuphatha indawo yasezulwini, abasebenzi bokuhlaka izindawo zasezulwini, nabasebenzi besikhumbu sokusebenza esihamba kuzindawo ezinamandla amancane. Iklasi Yesithathu iyisilinganiso esiphezulu kakhulu sokubhekwa kanye nokubhekwa kwesikhumba sokusebenza, futhi yilokho okufanele kuzindawo zokusebenza kuzindawo zokuphatha indawo yasezulwini, izindawo zokwakha ezinkulu, kanye nabasebenzi bokusha kuzindawo ezinamandla amakhulu. Kufanele kube lutho olukhulu ukuthi i-EN ISO 20471 Iklasi Yesithathu ibiza ukuthi isitshixo sokubhekwa kufanele kubekwe kumkhiyana kanye namagqabi, kodwa umkhathi wokubhekwa kwezinye izikhumba zokusebenza zingasenza ukuthi kubekwe kumkhiyana kuphela, futhi akukwazi ukuthi kubekwe kwi-klasi yesithathu ngaphandle kokubekwa kwezinye izikhumba zokusebenza. Lokhu kufanele kuzindawo zokuphatha indawo yasezulwini kanye nezindawo zokwakha ezinkulu. Izikhumba zokusebenza ezinye zokuphakeme akukwazi ukuthi kubekwe kwi-klasi yesithathu uma akukho ukubekwa kwezinye izikhumba zokusebenza kumkhiyana kanye namagqabi. Abasukuzi bakholwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa izikhumba zokusebenza ezincane kuzindawo ezinamandla amakhulu kuyisibonelo sokuthi kubhekwa kwezinhlanzi zokusebenza kanye nokuthi kuyadala amaphuzu okunqula. Amakhishini kufanele akhethwe izikhumba zokusebenza ngokwesilinganiso sokunqula kwezindawo zokusebenza, kodwa akufanele ukhetha izikhumba zokusebenza ngokwesilinganiso sokuthi kubhekwa kwezinhlanzi kanye nokubhekwa kwesikhumba sokusebenza.
Izinqumo Zokusebenzisa Izinkambo Ezibalulekile Nakho Izivikelo Zokuzilungiselela Tekhnoloji
Ukusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo kubeka isisekelo esiyinhloko sokuhlangabezana nokuhambisana ne-EN ISO 20471, futhi indinganiso iqinisa izimiso eziqinile zezindwangu ezisekelwe ku-fluorescent kanye ne-tape e-retroreflective. Izindwangu eziyisisekelo ezifanelekile zikhawulelwe kumbala ophuzi okhanyayo, obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu obomvu I-tape ephendukayo itholakala ngezigaba ezimbili ezihlukene: i-tape ye-microprismatic high-visibility, emele ukukhetha okuhambisanayo okuhlinzeka ngokusebenza okuphezulu kwe-retroreflective nokuqina okude kokuwasha kwezicelo zezimboni, kanye ne-glass-bead reflective fabric, Le nqubo icela ngokucacile ukuthi itheyiphu ekhanyayo igcine ama-coefficients okubonakalisa okuhambisanayo (alinganiswa ngo-cd / lx · m2) ngemuva kwenani lemijikelezo yokuwasha yezimboni efakwe ngumkhiqizi, kanye nokuguguleka kwemvula nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okukhulu. Zonke izinto Izici eziyinhloko zokuthengwa kwempahla okufanele zichazwe ngokucacile zihlanganisa: isisindo sendwangu (gsm), i-retroreflective coefficient (cd/lx·m2), ukuqina kombala, nokuqina kokudabuka, konke okuyizinkomba ezibalulekile zokuthenga kwezezimboni. I-tape ekhanyayo ephansi iyaxebuka noma ilahlekelwe ukusebenza kwayo okubonisa ukukhanya ngemva kwenani elincane lokuwasha, kuyilapho izindwangu eziphansi eziqhakazayo ziphenduka ngokushesha lapho zikhanyiswa yilanga elincane. Umkhiqizo ngamunye oqinisekisiwe kufanele uqedele uchungechunge oluphelele lwezivivinyo zokusebenza zaselebhu ngaphambi kokukhishwa emakethe, okuhlukanisa ngokucacile izingubo zokusebenza ezihambisana nezobuchwepheshe nezingubo zokuhlobisa ezibonisa izinto ezithengiswa ezimakethe ezijwayelekile.
Izinsiza Zokwakha futhi Izindlela Zokukhetha Okulingana Nokusebenza
Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo, i-EN ISO 20471 ibuye ilawulwe ukwakheka kwezingubo nemininingwane yokwakha ukuze kulinganiswe ukuhambisana nokuphepha nokugqokwa. Izinga lidinga ukuthi amapaneli e-fluorescent nethayi elikhanyayo kwakheke ukubonakala okugcwele okungu-360 degrees okuzungeze umzimba womuntu, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abasebenzi bayatholakala kuzo zonke izinhlangothi zokubuka. Izinsimbi zokuxhuma, ama-zipper nama-side pockets akufanele kumboze izindawo ezibalulekile ezibonakala kahle, futhi izingubo kufanele zigcine isikhala esanele sokuhamba komzimba ngaphandle kokuvimbela ukugoba, ukwelula nokunye ukunyakaza okufuna umsebenzi. Izindawo ezibalulekile zokucindezeleka ezinjengamahlombe, izindololwane nezindawo eziseceleni kufanele ziqiniswe ngezindwangu eziphindwe kathathu kanye nama-patch okuqinisa i-oxford ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezinzima. Ngesikhathi sokuthenga, abathengi kufanele bahlole imininingwane yokuthunga kanye nemibhalo esemthethweni yokuqinisekisa. Abasebenzi abasebenza kanzima kudingeka basike kancane futhi bathunge ngokuqinile ezindaweni ezinamandla. Amaqembu asebenza ezindaweni ezinemvula noma ezibandayo angakhetha ama-laminate emicu angangenwa amanzi noma ama-flame-retardant fleece alondolozwe amakhaza ngenkathi egcina izingxenye ezihambisana ngokuphelele nokubuka. Ukuze kusetshenziswe emhubheni noma ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuncane kakhulu, kunconywa izindwangu eziqhakazile eziqhakaza ngokukhethekile ezenzelwe ukukhanya okuncane, nezinketho zezinto ezivimbela ilangabi ezitholakalayo ngezigcawu zokutakula ezikhaleni ezivalekile. Ezimotweni zokuthutha ezisebenza eziteshini zegesi noma ezithutha amakhemikhali ayingozi, izingubo zokusebenza ezingamelana ne-static ziyadingeka ukuze kuqedwe izingozi zokuthungela kwe-electrostatic. Izithako ezenziwe ngezifiso ezifana nama-logo ezinkampani kufanele zinyatheliswe kuphela ezindaweni ezibekelwe umbala ohlukile, futhi akumele zimboze noma iyiphi itheyiphu ekhanyayo, amapaneli e-fluorescent noma ezinye izindawo ezibonakala kahle; indawo ephelele ephrintiwe ingaphansi komkhawulo ophakeme oqinile, futhi Ukukhethwa kwesakhiwo sezingubo ngokwesayensi kuqinisekisa ukuthi imisebenzi eyinhloko yokuzivikela ayisoze yaphazamiseka ukuze isebenze nsuku zonke.
Imisebenzi Yokusoncoba Okunzima Nokuthiwa Kwamaphuzu Okukhuluma
Izibonelo eziningi zangempela zomkhakha ziqinisekisa ukubaluleka okubonakalayo kokulandela i-EN ISO 20471 ngesikhathi sokuthengwa kwe-PPE. Inkampani ethile esebenza emgwaqweni yakha ithenga izingubo zokusebenza ezishibhile ezingakhombisi ukukhanya ukuze inciphise izindleko zesikhashana, okwaholela ezenzakalweni eziningi zokushayisana ezincane ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngenxa yokungabonakali kahle endaweni. Ngemva kokuguqula ngokuphelele izingubo zokusebenza ezibonisa ukukhanya ezihambisana nezindinganiso zeClass Three ezinetheyipu egqoke ingalo nomzimba, ibhizinisi labona ukwehla okukhulu kwezingozi zokuphepha futhi laphasa zonke izivivinyo zokuphepha ezisemthethweni ezingokwezifiso ngaphandle kwezithiyo. Elinye iqembu lezokwakha lamazwe amaningi elilawula amaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela angaphesheya kwemingcele lisebenzisa izingubo zomsebenzi ezihlanganisiwe eziqinisekiswe yi-EN ISO 20471, zisiza lo mkhiqizo ukuba uhlangabezane nemithetho yokuhambisana nokungeniswa kwezifundazwe futhi ugweme izithiyo zokuhweba zama Ngaphezu kwalokho, opharetha wezokuthutha ezikhungweni zamatheku basebenzisa izingubo ezibonisa ukukhanya ezivikela usawoti nezithuthukisa ukuvikelwa kokugqwala ezindaweni ezisogwini; usonkontileka womgwaqo wasemadolobheni wasebenzisa izingubo zokusebenza ezivikela i-asphalt-oil ezivimbela ukuwohloka kwezinto Lwenza ukubhekwa kokuphepha okungalawulwa kube inzuzo eyinhloko yokuncintisana yokusebenza okuzinzile kwebhizinisi.
Ukuthenga okuphelele nokuthuthukisa kwezinkomba zokuzilungiselela
Ukuzimela kwezindlela zokusebenza zezwe lonke eziningi kufanele kubhekwe ngokwemisebenzi yokuqala kuze kube phakade, nokuhlanganisa ukuthuthukisa kwemisebenzi yokuproducwa nokusiza kwezinsizwa zokusebenza ngokuphelele. Iboate iyasebenzisa izindlela zokusebenza zaseN ISO 20471 kuphansi kwezinye zonke izinqumo zokuhlaziywa, ukuthuthukisa nokuproducwa kwezinhloso. Iyasebenzisa izindawo eziningi zokuproducwa okukhulu nesikhundla sokuproducwa esisodwa ukuze sithole izinkampani ezinkulu zezincwadi zokusebenza ezinomthwalo wokubonwa, futhi ekhuluma isikhundla sokuproducwa sokugcina ubukhulu besibindi. Le bhalandi ibhala izinkampani zonke zokusebenza ngokwesibonelo, ukuxoxa ngokuthi kuyisibonelo sokuzimela, ukudesigna izifomu zokuthenga, ukuphatha izinkampani zokuphatha, nokuthumela izinkampani kuzo zonke izizwe. Isiqondisi sakho sekhaya sibhala izirapo zokuphatha kwezilaboratori nezinhloso zokubonwa zokuthi kuyisibonelo sokuzimela ukuze abakhelani bakwazi ukwenza iziphetho zokuzimela nokuthi kuyisibonelo sokuzimela ngokusheshayo. Ngokusebenzisa izikhathi eziningi zokusebenza kule ndawo yezinto zokusebenza zokuphatha, le bhalandi ibuyekeza izihlangothi zokusebenza, izihlangothi zokubonwa, nezihlangothi zokuphatha ukuze zihambisane nezinkinga zokusebenza zonke, futhi ekhuluma isikhundla sokuproducwa sokuzimela konke okubonwa. Kusukela kuzo zonke izinkampani zokusebenza kusukela kuzo zonke izinkampani zokuthenga, izinkampani zonke zokusebenza zokuphatha zikwazi ukuthi kuyisibonelo sokuzimela ngokusheshayo kubakhelani bokwesizwe, futhi zikwazi ukuthi kuyisibonelo sokuzimela ngokusheshayo kubakhelani bokwesizwe. 